Born on September 27, 1922, in Philadelphia, Pa., this watchmaker's son knew theatre was his calling when he was still in his teens. While stationed at Fort Jackson, S.C., during World War II, Penn formed a small drama circle with his fellow infantrymen and continued to act after the war.

After directing several stage productions (including 1959's Tony-winning "The Miracle Worker"), Penn made his mark in the film world. In 1962, he piloted the highly acclaimed screen version of The Miracle Worker, which won two Oscars and earned Penn an Oscar nomination for Best Director.

With a history of conflict with producers, Penn has left the film industry several times, but has never failed to make his mark; following one hiatus, he returned to helm the pop-culture phenomenon Bonnie and Clyde. Other notable films include Alice's Restaurant (which he co-wrote), Little Big Man and Night Moves.